This section. is discussing the formation process of the big bang singularity. Here It is seeking the most favorable situation or the formation of the big bang singularity. So here I found three different situations that can create a big bang singularity. It is explaining all these three situations here and its possibilities to form a singularity. All these three situations can create a singularity. But It is choosing one situation as more favorable, because of its advantages to support the Big bang and the after-effects of the big bang.
The origin of our universe is one of the most discussed topics in physics. Several theories have been put forward to explain the origin of the universe. Based on the evidence, the theory of the Big Bang is widely accepted now. But we still do not know what was there before the Big Bang. The Big Bang can be taken as a focal point. Let us call the universe before the Big Bang the primordial universe. The universe created after the Big Bang can be called the visible universe.
The big bang was caused by a singularity that was created by a very strong gravitational (unified) interaction. We can not guess how many billions of years it took for the formation of this Big Bang Singularity. The force of gravity during this period was beyond our imagination. People say, none of the other fundamental interactions we now know existed at that time. But it is possible that gravity and other fundamental interactions acted as a single interacting force. That is why I call the gravity of that period the unified gravitational interaction. That may be the secret of the high gravitational strength of the Big Bang Singularity.
The main thing to say here is that the same amount of space is essential for the energy in the universe. Here we discuss the interactions between energy and space. There are many ideas about the universe before the Big Bang. Here I will tell you my thoughts on that period. If you had watched the other videos on this playlist, you may have some ideas about the state of energy of that period. The Big Bang Singularity has been overcome by adverse conditions such as low reactivity and lack of basic forces other than unified gravity. What I understand about gravity here is that it is part of the energy, and it will always be there with energy, like a fellow traveler who can never be left behind. Because it is always holding a proportional space into it. That’s why Albert Einstein considers ‘time’ as a part of space. We cannot say now about the total energy of the universe, or whether the Big Bang Singularity was composed of all the energy that existed at that time. The possibility of a multiverse is emerging before us now. Here we will try to understand more about the state of the primordial universe. Our universe is a lot wider than we recognize it now and it is still expanding. I would like to call the state before the big bang also as the Primordial universe. So the universe before the Big Bang must have been even bigger. The forms of energy that have been scattered over a very wide space, converge into a singularity in a very small space. These early forms of energy I call The primordial particles. That is, the vast universe collapses into a singularity, which then begins to expand again as it did by the big bang. The universe has been expanding for billions of years since the big bang, then how many billions of years will the universe take to get to the moment that caused the big bang. Today we know how a star is born in large molecular clouds. In that molecular cloud, the particles of energy are attracted to each other, to form a very large structure, going through a very complex process, and it takes billions of years to become a star. If it took such a long time to form a star, how long would it take for the formation of the singularity, which is responsible for the universe that contains billions of stars we see today? Then we have to say there was a “time”, before the big bang. Here I am adding a picture from my thoughts, to describe the state of the universe before the formation of the singularity.
Picture: The primordial universe. We can imagine it as the primordial universe. The black spots in the picture are the energy forms (primordial particles) scattered throughout the universe.
Now let’s take a look at our Big Bang Singularity. The Big Bang Singularity is still something that, we can all marvel at. Our universe is far wider than we can imagine. The Big Bang Singularity was a very small sphere that contained all the energy in such a vast universe. It achieves a spherical shape because of the pressure exerted by energy and space on all sides. Its size is so small that it completely eliminates the space inside. The primordial particles can only interact with the help of unified gravity. They were scattered in the space individually. When they are isolated forms of energy, each of them has its own gravitational field and it is generally less powerful. For example, once two primordial particles are combined, they can create a slightly stronger general gravitational field. They will also share their associated space with each other. So it has a common space and gravitational field now. This interaction can be described as the first phase of the evolution of the universe. If the primordial universe were in a state of equilibrium, not even the Big Bang Singularity would have formed. So there must be an unbalanced situation in the primordial universe.
That’s why, in the primordial universe, the amount of space or energy must have been greater than any one of these two. If the amount of space is a little more or less, it will create an imbalance there. It was this imbalance that led to the formation of the Big Bang Singularity. This is one of the main reasons for the subsequent Big Bang.
By this, we can understand a self-evolving universe. My friends, who are religious, will study Darwin’s theory of evolution at school and write about it for the exam. But when they get out of there, they will say that the universe is a creation of their own god. We rely on science to study and get a job, but we use religion to believe in God and to see others as enemies. What a paradox is this? There are some among us, who are trying to deliberately mislead society. While some work for their personal gain, others work for political gain, and some for their religion. There are some people who pretend that they have already mentioned everything in their religious text, quoting any particular text in their religious text, and equating it with the achievements of science. While all religions are creationists and when science presents the Big Bang theory with evidence, which cannot be rejected, so they claim that it has been mentioned in their religious text. They all want to work for their own benefit. In my videos, I often relate the main subject Proportionately with many other issues. So I think we can discuss socially relevant issues periodically. Anyhow, let us return to our subject.
Let us examine the possibilities for the gathering of the primordial particles together to form the Big Bang Singularity. One possibility is, none of these primordial particles were distributed in the primordial universe in an exact proportion. There was variation in the number of particles distributed in each region and the distance between them. Therefore, a widespread imbalance was evident in the primordial universe. Due to this imbalance and the lack of a precise criterion for the distribution of particles, there was a situation where the particles could interact. Things become much easier when gravity, the basic nature of the energy, was added to stimulate it. wherever they are able to interact, these particles are attracted to each other with the help of gravity. Here we have the unbalanced forms of energy dispersed in the vast space. Therefore, according to the theory of relativity, we can say that there was “time” in the universe before the Big Bang. The fusion of primordial particles, based on the theory of relativity can explain in this way. Two primordial particles form a curvature in the space at two different places, were combined together, to create a slightly larger curvature. In any case, space is necessary for energy to exist. Therefore, whenever we think about energy, there is a space-time with it. Therefore, when we say the fusion of energy, it must also mean the fusion of space. Thus we can see the possibility of the formation of new forms, fusing by mutual attraction. According to this possibility, the Big Bang could happen at any time. But we can not explain a lot of things after the big bang, like baryon asymmetry.
The next possibility is that all the particles were evenly distributed over a fixed distance at the same ratio in space. In this case, the universe is in a state of equilibrium. There the gravitational fields between them are precisely aligned. Now the particles are less likely to collide with each other. So, the first assembly of the particles is unlikely. For particle synthesis to be possible beyond this, there must be an external intervention that disrupts the equilibrium of that system. Thus this possibility can also be ruled out as an external intervention cannot be seen anywhere else. Suppose now that the balance of the system is abnormally broken and the particles come together. When the particles combine, a singularity is formed and a big bang is possible. But many other phenomena in the visible universe cannot be described. Another possibility we have already discussed. Whatever the distribution of the particles, the ratio between the particles and the space is unbalanced. I consider this one situation to be the most suitable for the formation of the Big Bang Singularity. Let us examine a picture of the aggregation of primordial particles.
Picture: Primary integration. This image represents the earliest structures, which are created by the attraction of energy, in the early universe. The black areas in the picture are the mixture of primordial particles, often joined together at different rates in time.
In the picture, we can see many black spheres of different sizes. We can interpret the formation of these spheres in two ways. First, we can say that many spheres have been formed in several places. Or it could be said that instead of having many spheres, there was only one sphere. That is, the primordial particles that were located in an unbalanced universe began to be concentrated in a certain part as a result of their gravitational pull. We can see this as the beginning of a gravitational singularity. I would like to explain things in a first way. Either way, we are finally coming to the answer to the big bang-based gravitational singularity. If we adopt the first method, we can easily find answers to more questions. We can present things like drawing a picture on a very large canvas. Now let’s see how the universe evolved into the Big Bang Singularity. In any case, only an unbalanced universe can travel to a Big Bang Singularity. An equilibrium universe would never want to change its current state. In a fully equilibrated universe, all the particles of energy are distributed at precisely the same amount and distance. It is not difficult to destroy this equilibrium, the slight change in the position or mass of any one of these particles will destroy the equilibrium. So to create change in an equilibrium universe requires the involvement of an external force. We will find no such presence anywhere here. These small spheres are attracted to each other by their gravity, and they merge together to form larger ones. The space between them can now be seen to be more curved. A curvature proportional to the amount of energy is generated in that space. When it grows and forms a singularity, a large curvature is created so that even light cannot escape out. Unfortunately, there was no light at that period. Let’s go back to the formation of Singularity. Let’s take a closer look at this long-standing process. So I brought a picture here.
Picture: Formation of the Big Bang Singularity: In addition to the picture we saw earlier, this picture also created a singularity. In this picture, we can see the red sphere as the singularity, and the white cone as the distance to its event horizon.
Let us check the processes during the fusion of the primordial particles now. We have already understood how the primordial universe was. Now let us see what happens in its surroundings when the two particles converge on each other. We can treat these particles as the primary form of energy. We know that most of the parts inside an atom are empty. inside a tiny bit atom a huge empty space in it, we can’t even imagine. Such was not the case with the primordial particles. They were purely forms of energy. Inside it, space had no relevance. So, it was completely filled with energy. The basic forces we experience in the present universe, such as Strong Interaction, Week Interaction, and Electromagnetic Interaction was not needed there. The Dark Matter we seek in our visible universe must be in a similar state. Although the particles were spaced apart from each other, they were connected to each other like a chain by gravity and space. Exploits the imbalance of the universe and with the help of gravity, two particles intersect. We can call this the primordial interaction. This was a very slow process. If a leaf moves in New York, its reflection may sometimes be in Tokyo, as it turns out, the reflection of this primary fusion will be elsewhere in the universe. This led to the fusion of primary particles in many parts of the universe. As a result of this process, the fused particles interconnected and formed larger shapes. This process requires a lot of time.
Let us see what happens, when these particles merge, around them. For example, suppose that two particles intersect. It is there eliminating the space between them. As it grows more and more, we see a situation where space disappears. Or we could say that it is a form that is located inside the space. separate the space, and create a singularity. After the Big Bang, it expands into the same space. Now we understand two things. How big was the universe before the big bang? How much space is thrown out there to create the big bang singularity? Today our universe is regaining the space it had lost for the creation of the big bang singularity. But this process is still going on for billions of years after the Big Bang. We can only imagine, then, how long it will take for the creation of Big Bang Singularity. The fact that the universe is still expanding means that the previously lost space has not been recovered totally. probably when it has absorbed enough space, the universe will stop growing itself.
In the early days, particle fusion took place very slowly. As the size of them increases, the gravity increases and the rate of this process increases. Thus particle groups were formed into many parts of the early universe, With the help of gravity, they are attracted to one another and thereby converge on the massive structure. There was “a time” before that. We can say that a new “time” was born with the Big Bang. A spacetime will already be created there. If we look at the history of a particle in this way, we can split the “time” into several stages. A “time” until a particle remains in that state. When it merges with another particle, they start a new time together. Now it has two distinct timescales for that particle. Its initial time, and the “new time” which it began to join with the other particle. Thus it appears that at each step until it reaches singularity, it begins a new time. But we can never say that it left its initial time. With the Big Bang, energy takes on a new form. Energy undergoes many changes and acquires all its other fundamental qualities, which it did not yet acquire before, and comes to a new form. At the same time, we can say that it is the beginning of a new “time”.
Energy and space are the two basic building blocks of the universe, and they are inseparable. A certain amount of energy can influence a certain amount of space. Let us examine this in detail. For that, we can imagine two particles located in two different places in space. Both of these particles distort space-time in their own way. Suppose these two particles combine together. Then these two space-times combine together to become one space-time. The integration of space-time takes place along with the synthesis of energy particles. Just as energy is not destroyed during this process, space is also not destroyed. Similarly, no more space or energy is created. The atom, which is compressed by the strong gravitational pull of the black hole, expels the space inside it. Even if an atom falls into a black hole, it will work according to this principle. The energy particles inside the atom become part of the singularity and space is added to the spacetime of the singularity. The space within the atom and the space-time distorted by its influence become part of the space-time of the singularity. This same principle can be seen in the formation of the Big Bang Singularity. Here the elementary particles combined together and grew into the Big Bang Singularity, at the same time the space-time under their influence also joined each other. The situations for the formations of a black hole and the Big bang singularity are different. Black holes are caused by the gravitational distortion of giant stars. The full energy for the creation of a black hole is there. The main requirement is to allow the energy particles to shrink by expelling the space inside the star. But the formation of the Big Bang Singularity is not like that. The Formation of Big Bang Singularity was the result of joining the primordial particles one by one. Here the required energy is slowly stored. That may have taken billions of years. For this to happen, the primordial particles must be just energy forms. That is, there must be only energy within them. The whole space under its influence should be outside of it. It is this feature of the primordial particle that enables it to store these energies in the Big Bang Singularity. Or perhaps that singularity would have turned into a star or a black hole even before the Big Bang.
The universe is a combination of energy and space which is influenced by energy. As the amount of energy increases, so does the amount of space in the universe. Then naturally the same pressure that occurs in the Big Bank Singularity will occur in the space around it. In short, the Big Bang was caused not only by the action of the singularity but also by the curved space-time around it. There was only a certain amount of energy in the singularity and there was a curved space with it in proportion. We still can’t figure out how much energy was there, in the vast amount of energy stored in the singularity.